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Sean Ellis' HCI Capstone Thesis Project:
A Collaborative Annotation System for Data Visualization
The focus of this project is to explore the area of digitally annotating
information visualizations, and sharing the visualizations and annotations between colleagues.
In this research we describe a collaborative visualization environment, in which users can
simultaneously view a common, shared visualization.
Resources being considered for Bibliography
Annotation Systems
DISCIPLE (business, healthcare, military, trasnportation focus)
- Collaboration Using Heterogeneous Devices From 3D Workstations to PDA's
Introduces a system for rendering images between computers with very different display sizes (3D workstations to PDA's).
Discusses the importance of doing so, as smaller and larger screens are being developed at a rapid pace.
- DISCIPLE: A Framework for Multimodal Collaboration in Heterogeneous
Environments
- DISCIPLE Home Page 'The key objective of the DISCIPLE project
has been to develop an advanced groupware design that enables interactive collaboration in the context of the task
at hand. The participants at different locations collaboratively access, manipulate, analyze, and evaluate multimedia
data. They may have different preferences for data presentation and system interaction and may use unlike computing devices
and communication technologies. The system uses intelligent knowledge-based strategies to reduce the effect of differences
and thus provide for equitable and effective collaboration.'
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Annotations in Amaya
Users can annotate web documents (text). Annotations are represented with a pencil icon; a double click on a pencil
reveals the annotation text in a new window. Annotations can be seen by anyone with the right access.
- Demonstrating the Electronic Napkin
A tool aimed at supporting multi-user coceptual design. Uses recognition to compare marks made to the surface with
marks in a database. Users can store and retreive drawings.
MUMMY: Mobile Knowledge Management
- High level overview of MUMMY project, en EU
funded effort. Uses pocket-sized and mobile computers.
References annotation of images and video.
- DS GeneAtlas
DS GeneAtlas™ is an automated protein annotation pipeline for analyzing protein sequences and identifying their biochemical function in the DS Modeling environment.
The pipeline incorporates methods such as PSI-BLAST, high throughput modeling, fold recognition, and 3D annotation.
Systems that support Collaboration and Annotation
- Boom Chameleon: Simultaneous capture of 3D viewpoint, voice and gesture annotations on a spatially-aware display.
PDF
MPEG
Protein Visualization
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A Collaborative Environment for Protein Visualization
Collaboration and annotation of 3D protein data. Built for desktop PC's. Supports multiple user interaction; peer-peer and master-slave modes.
Sticky notes are a form of annotation. There are 'information container' notes, and action notes that run other programs when envoked.
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A Distributed Protein A Distributed Protein Visualization
Application
Uses 'sticky notes' as a way to signify annotations to visualizations. There are 3 types of sticky notes:
Text, audio and action. Action notes store parts of programs that may be envoked by the user. There are also active notes which are similar
to action notes except that users can specify conditions before envoking a program; they can also be envoked automatically. This system only
supports collaboration and annotation in the bio-informatics arena; it is not a general solution, but a specific solution to a specific problem.
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A Prototype Molecular Interactive Collaborative Environment (MICE)
- CEV: Collaborative Environment for Visualization Using Java RMI (98)
Collaboration is done through standard web browsers. "Each researcher has a local (or private) view, a global (or public) view,
and a list of the current participants' session name. The session name, specified by a parameter within the html used to load
the applet, represents each individual participant." Client-Server model alleviates clients from having to process large graphics
files. Does not support, "audio/video conferencing system, a session manager that records the session and stores it into a database,
and a rigid authentication process."
- IRIS Annotator
After annotating an image, the annotator can send an email to a recipient telling him to view the annotation. Can view, and
annotate 3D graphics. Requires SGI® workstation, IRIX operating system, version 5.3 and Netscape browser. "You can easily specify an automatic playback sequence for the markers and
for the attached notes This is particularly useful when the information being communicated is best presented in a linear fashion.
For random play, first select a marker either by picking it from the scene or from a list. The marker label and its media notes are
then displayed alongside the marker, and can be selected and played individually. For automatic play, use the simple VCR-like button
controls
- I3D: An Interactive System for Exploring Annotated 3D Environments
Claims that the best interactive system for exploring 3D environments should include:
- interactive 3D viewing capabilities
- time-critical rendering
- multiple kinds of annotations
- distribution and sharing
I3D runs on Silicon Graphics workstations and was implemented on top of X11/OpenGL. Uses a mouse and a spaceball for input
devices. Annotations are drawn with a blue silhouette. "Selecting an annotated geometry by clicking on its visual
representation with the mouse triggers the document retrieval and display.
Marching Cubes
- Marching Cubes
The MarchingCubes for Windows software displays Fourier Electron Density Contour Maps in 3D; allowing the user to rotate, translate, zoom and manipulate the Fourier
Map for analysis, and output to publications and posters. It also allows manually peak picking and 3D display if you have 3D gaming goggles
CSCW
Collaboration
- Collaborating Across the Miles
This work is about the DOE 2000 (Department of Energy), and their efforts to create technology that allows for collaboration between remote users.
It reviews the state of the art in collaborating remotely. Looks at Video Conferencing, NetMeeting, and VNC. Does not give an example
of a system that uses handwritting style annotation. Does mention that the
Digital Video Annotation
Digital Document Annotation
Research
Computer Supported Collaborative Visualization
- Re-Integrating the Research Record
- CSCV - Computer Supported Collaborative Visualization
(95)
Overview of the field of CSCV. Identifies a major problem in the three big collaborative scientific systems, (IRIS, IBM Data Explorer, AVS)
none of them support remote collaboration. In order to collaborate users must cluster around the same computer. This work also extends the
Haber & McNabb pipeline, "They describe the visualization in terms of its component processes, which they categorise as filter, map and render stages."
- Scientific Visualization - Some Novel Approaches to Learning
Identifies a problem with the IRIS Annotator: visualizations can only be viewed on one screen at a time; in order to collaborate users must cluster
around one workstation. These researchers developed modules which support collaborative uses of IRIS by different people, in different locations.
Data visualizations images are rendered using VRML and displayed through either Mosiac or Netscape browsers. Not clear if this system supports annotation.
- A Comparison of Reading Paper
and On-Line Documents
Readers feel more comfortable reading paper docs, than online docs. Annotation's can be made in the margins
of paper; annotating paper documents is natural. It is more natural, quick, and easy for us to read paper documents. We do not have tools that
support paper like online reading, while also supporting free form annotation
- The Future of Annotation in a Digital (Paper) World
Accounts different usages of annotations. Good overview of annotation in general.
- Remote and Distributed Visualization at Berkeley Lab
Deals with the problem of developing a standard for supporting visualization tools. Hopes to use Grid Technology (like SETI@home) to form a standard
for distributing remote and distributed visualization tools and techniques.
- An Application Framework for Synchronous Collaboration using Java Beans
Programs written in Java Beans can communicate over a network through a cBus. This allows users to collaborate through a program (or visualization).
- Real-Time Collaboration in Heterogeneous Computing Environments
- Multivalent Annotations
- Superimposed Information for the Internet
- A Systems View of Annotations
Developed a framework for annotation systems (Notable) to be able to create, on a handheld device, annotations that
can be linked to paper documents. Compares Notable to the following annotation systems:
- Direct paper
- Post-Its
- Annotated Edition
- X Libirs
- MVD
- MS Word
- ComMentor
- NotePals
- Tapestry
- Annotating Scientific Images: A Concept-based Approach
present the model and realization of an annotation
framework that scientists can employ to semantically
enrich differerent types of documents, primarily scientific
images made availabe through an image respository.
Primary focus is on how concepts are actually used
to annotate images and regions of interest, respectively,
that exhibit features of interest to a researcher.
Uses data from the Human Brain Project.
- A simple web site to demonstrate annotation
An example of how web documents may be annotated. (Not Amaya)
- Image Workspace
- Interaction Design for Shared World-Wide Web Annotations
- Ambiguous Intentions: A paper-like interface for creative design
Designer's prefer to use paper and pencil because
it supports ambiguity, imprecision, and incremental
formalization of ideas as well as rapid exploration
of alternatives. Structured mouse-menu interactions
force designers into premature commitment, demand
inappropriate precision, and are tedious to use compared
with pencil and paper. Electronic Cocktail Napkin,
a pen based collaborative tool used to model the type
of drawing that designer's do on the back of napkins.
Paper Annotation
Marshall
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Annotation: from paper books to the digital library
Studied many university textbooks to note the differences/similarities of annotations made to the texts. Annotations are informal and used for a variety of reasons (procedural signals,
placemarkers and aids to memory, in situ locations for problem-working, a record of interpretive activity, a visible trace of the reader's attention, incidental reflections of the material.)
Can systems support the same informal, quick type of annotation that paper supports?
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From Personal to Shared Annotations
This paper analyzes the annotations made during a graduate level CS course. They use WebAnn as the online annotation tool. She finds that students make much more personal
annotations than they do public annotations. This may be that people feel more comfortable making annotations in private, or that people don't like to annotate on the computer
as much as paper. Either way, this evidence suggests that tools such as WebAnn are not great at supporting quality online collaboration and annotation.
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